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Philipp I, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe (18 July 1601 – 10 April 1681) was the founder of the Schaumburg-Lippe line.

He was born in Lemgo the son of Simon VI, Count of Lippe (1555–1613) and his second wife Countess Elisabeth of Holstein-Schaumburg (1566–1638).

Following the death of his father in 1613, he inherited Lippe-Alverdissen, which he ruled until the creation of Schaumburg-Lippe in 1640.

Schaumburg-Lippe was founded after the Thirty Years' War, when Otto V, Count of Schaumburg died without children. Following his death the County of Schaumburg went to his mother, Countess Elisabeth of Lippe as the legal heir. In 1640 she transferred her rights to her brother Philipp, who then became the first Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. He reigned as count until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Friedrich Christian. His second son Philipp Ernest received Lippe-Alverdissen.

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Sophie of Hesse-Kassel (12 September 1615 – 22 November 1670) was a princess of Hesse-Kassel by birth and by marriage Countess of Schaumburg-Lippe.

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