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Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu (French: Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston; 28 April 1842 – 28 August 1922) was a French prince of the House of Orléans and a career military officer. He is best known for his service as a senior commander in the Hispano-Moroccan War and for his prominent role in the Paraguayan War, where he commanded Allied forces during the final phase of the conflict. Born into the French royal family as the eldest son of Louis, Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Gaston later became a central figure in Brazilian imperial history through his marriage to Princess Isabel, daughter and heir of Pedro II of Brazil. As prince consort to the heiress presumptive, he played a significant role in the political, military, and dynastic affairs of the Empire of Brazil during its final decades.

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Dona Isabel (29 July 1846 – 14 November 1921), known as "the Redemptress" (A Redentora), was the Princess Imperial of Brazil and heiress presumptive to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. She served as regent of the empire on three occasions and was a central figure in Brazilian history during the final decades of the monarchy.

Born in Rio de Janeiro, Isabel was the eldest daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina, and a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza (Portuguese: Bragança). Following the deaths of her two younger brothers in infancy, she was formally recognized as her father's heiress presumptive. In 1864, she entered into an arranged marriage with the French prince Gaston, Count of Eu, with whom she had three sons.

During Emperor Pedro II's absences abroad, Isabel exercised the powers of the crown as regent. In her third and final regency, she sponsored and signed the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law") in 1888, which abolished slavery in Brazil. Although emancipation was widely celebrated by the population, it intensified opposition among influential landowners and political elites. Her prospective accession was further contested due to prevailing gender prejudices, her strong Catholic faith, and her marriage to a foreign prince.

In 1889, the Brazilian imperial family was overthrown in the military coup that ended the monarchy. Isabel subsequently lived in exile in France, where she spent the final three decades of her life.

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